商業集積を促進する地域差別政策の厚生分析：小売企業と居住者の空間分布と市場の失敗

Tohoku University博士（学術）thesi

商業集積を促進する地域差別政策の厚生分析：小売企業と居住者の空間分布と市場の失敗

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How should place-based policies be designed to efficiently promote retail agglomeration?

Local governments have recently adopted place-based policies in order to revitalize decayed shopping areas in downtown areas. Developing a multipurpose shopping model, we evaluate the welfare impacts of place-based policies for downtown retail agglomeration. In the model, retail stores are under monopolistic competition, and consumers are free to choose where to reside. Results show that, whether or not place-based policies are efficient depends on the recipients of government subsidies, even if the policies promote retail agglomeration in downtown areas. Specifically, subsidizing consumers residing near downtown areas is inevitably harmful from the viewpoint of welfare, whereas subsidizing retail stores can be efficient

Two-dimensional Geographical Position as a Factor in Determining the Growth and Decline of Retail Agglomeration

We investigate where retail stores agglomerate in a road network with radial roads and a ring road in a two-dimensional space. Per-distance travel cost on the radial roads can be different from that on the ring road. The transition of the two-dimensional agglomeration patterns of retail stores is investigated with decreases in the travel costs. Results show 1) a difference in improvement sequences in the radial and ring roads generates a difference in the agglomeration patterns with different welfare levels and 2) how the two-dimensional geographical position of shopping agglomerations ensuring the highest welfare level differs from that in equilibrium

Heat Transportation by Acicular Micro-Textured Device with Semi-Regular Alignment

Heat transportation device was developed to improve the cooling capacity through the heat convection process and to make low-temperature radiation from the heat source to the objective body in vacuum. This device consisted of the metallic substrate and the acicular micro−/nano-textures in semi-regular alignment. The micro-cone unit cell size and pitch in these textures was controllable by tuning the total current and the current density in the electrochemical processing. Four devices with various unit cell sizes and pitches were prepared for geometric characterization by SEM (Scanning Electron Miscopy) and for spectroscopic analyses on the IR-emittance by FT-IR (Fourier Transform-InfraRed) spectroscopy. Heat radiation experiment was performed to describe the heat transportation in vacuum from the heat source at 323 K to the objective plate. The texture size effect on the low-temperature heat radiation was investigated to build up a physical model for this heat radiation device. Heat convection experiment was also performed to describe the cooling capacity of device under the forced air flow. The unit cell height effect on the cooling behavior was discussed to deduce the physical model for this heat convection device. These models were considered to be used in the computational fluid mechanics simulations

How and where satellite cities form around a large city: Bifurcation mechanism of a long narrow economy

We investigate economic agglomerations in a long narrow economy, in which discrete locations are evenly spread over a line segment. The bifurcation mechanism of a monocentric city at the center is analyzed analytically to show how and where satellite cities form. This is an important step to elucidate the mechanism of the competition between a large central city and satellite cities, which is taking place worldwide. By the analysis of the Forslid & Ottaviano (J Econ Geo, 2003) model, we show that the larger the agglomeration forces, the farther from the monocentric city satellite cities emerge. As the trade freeness increases from a low value, there occurs a spatial period doubling in which every other city grows. Thereafter a central city with two satellite cities appears, en route to a complete agglomeration to the central city

Break and sustain bifurcations of S_N-invariant equidistant economy

This paper aims at the elucidation of the bifurcation mechanism of an equidistant economy in Economic Geography. An attention is paid to the existence of invariant solutions that retain their spatial patterns when the bifurcation parameter changes. Theoretical results on symmetrybreaking bifurcation of the symmetric group SN, which describes the symmetry of this economy, is combined with the mechanism of sustain bifurcation of invariant patterns that is inherent to the economy. The stability of bifurcating branches is investigated theoretically to demonstrate that most of them are asymptotically unstable. Among a plethora of theoretically possible spatial patterns, those which actually become stable for spatial economic models are investigated numerically. The solution curves of the economy are shown to display a complicated mesh-like structure, which looks like threads of warp and weft

Break and sustain bifurcations of S_N-invariant equidistant economy

This paper aims at the elucidation of the bifurcation mechanism of an equidistant economy in Economic Geography. An attention is paid to the existence of invariant solutions that retain their spatial patterns when the bifurcation parameter changes. Theoretical results on symmetrybreaking bifurcation of the symmetric group SN, which describes the symmetry of this economy, is combined with the mechanism of sustain bifurcation of invariant patterns that is inherent to the economy. The stability of bifurcating branches is investigated theoretically to demonstrate that most of them are asymptotically unstable. Among a plethora of theoretically possible spatial patterns, those which actually become stable for spatial economic models are investigated numerically. The solution curves of the economy are shown to display a complicated mesh-like structure, which looks like threads of warp and weft